TiDB 5.4版本单机快速安装体验分享

在墨天轮中国数据库流行度排行榜上(PS：前段时间还是叫国产数据库流行度排行榜，看来现在已按照上月国产数据库掌门人论坛做了调整)，TiDB 数据库一直以来霸榜第一，在线事务与在线分析处理 (Hybrid Transactional and Analytical Processing, HTAP) 功能是它主要的特点。去年七月份使用 tiup playground 模拟出了一个集群环境，体验了一些功能，考取了 PCTA 认证，现在 TiDB 发展到啥样了呢？我们来看看吧，体验一下！

TiDB 架构

1、TiDB 体系架构

TiDB 数据库架构

2、PD 整体架构

3、TiDB Server 整体架构

4、TiKV 整体架构

整体架构就如上图所示，如果要部署这么一套生产环境需要达到如下硬件要求。

单机 TiDB 搭建

如果我们想要搭建如上一套环境的话，个人笔记本还是有点困难的，不过现在官方发布了一款可单机搭建出一整套环境的方法，那么，我们来试试吧，首先需要准备一台可以上网的 Linux 或者 Mac 系统。

1、使用 curl下载安装 TiUP：

curl --proto =https --tlsv1.2 -sSfhttps://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/install.sh | sh

2、使其环境变量生效

source /root/.bash_profile

3、安装 TiUP 的 cluster 组件：

tiup cluster

4、如果机器已经安装 TiUP cluster，需要更新软件版本：

tiup update --self && tiup update cluster

5、修改 sshd 连接数限制

由于模拟多机部署，需要通过 root 用户调大 sshd 服务的连接数限制：

修改 /etc/ssh/sshd_config 将 MaxSessions 调至 20。

重启 sshd 服务：

service sshd restart

[root@node2 ~]# grep MaxSessions /etc/ssh/sshd_config

MaxSessions 20

6、创建并启动集群

按下面的配置模板，编辑配置文件，命名为 topo.yaml，其中：

user:“tidb”：表示通过 tidb 系统用户（部署时会自动创建）来做集群的内部管理，默认使用 22 端口通过 ssh 登录目标机器

replication.enable-placement-rules：设置这个 PD 参数来确保 TiFlash 正常运行

host：设置为本部署主机的 IP

配置模板如下：vim topo.yaml

# # Global variables are applied to all deployments and used as the default value of

# # the deployments if a specific deployment value is missing.

global:

 user: "tidb"

 ssh_port: 22

 deploy_dir: "/data/tidb-deploy"

 data_dir: "/data/tidb-data"

# # Monitored variables are applied to all the machines.

monitored:

 node_exporter_port: 9100

 blackbox_exporter_port: 9115

server_configs:

 tidb:

   log.slow-threshold: 500

 tikv:

   readpool.storage.use-unified-pool: false

   readpool.coprocessor.use-unified-pool: true

 pd:

   replication.enable-placement-rules: true

   replication.location-labels: ["host"]

 tiflash:

   logger.level: "info"

pd_servers:

 - host: 10.0.0.251

tidb_servers:

 - host: 10.0.0.251

tikv_servers:

 - host: 10.0.0.251

   port: 20160

   status_port: 20180

   config:

     server.labels: { host: "logic-host-1" }

 - host: 10.0.0.251

   port: 20161

   status_port: 20181

   config:

     server.labels: { host: "logic-host-2" }

 - host: 10.0.0.251

   port: 20162

   status_port: 20182

   config:

     server.labels: { host: "logic-host-3" }

tiflash_servers:

 - host: 10.0.0.251

monitoring_servers:

 - host: 10.0.0.251

grafana_servers:

 - host: 10.0.0.251

7、使用如下命令查看目前 TiDB 支持的最新版本

tiup list tidb

目前，最新版本为 5.4.0 版本。

8、执行集群部署命令：

tiup cluster deploy JiekeXu 5.4.0 ./topo.yaml --user root -p

参数 表示设置集群名称

参数 表示设置集群版本，可以通过 tiup list tidb 命令来查看当前支持部署的 TiDB 版本

按照引导，输入”y”及 root 密码，来完成部署：

根据个人网速等待下载完成即可。

tiup is checking updates for component cluster ... Starting component `cluster`: /root/.tiup/components/cluster/v1.9.0/tiup-cluster /root/.tiup/components/cluster/v1.9.0/tiup-cluster deploy JiekeXu 5.4.0 ./topo.yaml --user root -p Input SSH password: + Detect CPU Arch - Detecting node 10.0.0.251 ... Done Please confirm your topology: Cluster type: tidb Cluster name: JiekeXu Cluster version: v5.4.0 Role Host Ports OS/Arch Directories ---- ---- ----- ------- ----------- pd 10.0.0.251 2379/2380 linux/x86_64 /data/tidb-deploy/pd-2379,/data/tidb-data/pd-2379 tikv 10.0.0.251 20160/20180 linux/x86_64 /data/tidb-deploy/tikv-20160,/data/tidb-data/tikv-20160 tikv 10.0.0.251 20161/20181 linux/x86_64 /data/tidb-deploy/tikv-20161,/data/tidb-data/tikv-20161 tikv 10.0.0.251 20162/20182 linux/x86_64 /data/tidb-deploy/tikv-20162,/data/tidb-data/tikv-20162 tidb 10.0.0.251 4000/10080 linux/x86_64 /data/tidb-deploy/tidb-4000 tiflash 10.0.0.251 9000/8123/3930/20170/20292/8234 linux/x86_64 /data/tidb-deploy/tiflash-9000,/data/tidb-data/tiflash-9000 prometheus 10.0.0.251 9090/12020 linux/x86_64 /data/tidb-deploy/prometheus-9090,/data/tidb-data/prometheus-9090 grafana 10.0.0.251 3000 linux/x86_64 /data/tidb-deploy/grafana-3000 y + Generate SSH keys ... Done + Download TiDB components - Download pd:v5.4.0 (linux/amd64) ... Done - Download tikv:v5.4.0 (linux/amd64) ... Done - Download tidb:v5.4.0 (linux/amd64) ... Done - Download tiflash:v5.4.0 (linux/amd64) ... Done - Download prometheus:v5.4.0 (linux/amd64) ... Done - Download grafana:v5.4.0 (linux/amd64) ... Done - Download node_exporter: (linux/amd64) ... Done - Download blackbox_exporter: (linux/amd64) ... Done + Initialize target host environments - Prepare 10.0.0.251:22 ... Done + Deploy TiDB instance - Copy pd -> 10.0.0.251 ... Done - Copy tikv -> 10.0.0.251 ... Done - Copy tikv -> 10.0.0.251 ... Done - Copy tikv -> 10.0.0.251 ... Done - Copy tidb -> 10.0.0.251 ... Done - Copy tiflash -> 10.0.0.251 ... Done - Copy prometheus -> 10.0.0.251 ... Done - Copy grafana -> 10.0.0.251 ... Done - Deploy node_exporter -> 10.0.0.251 ... Done - Deploy blackbox_exporter -> 10.0.0.251 ... Done + Copy certificate to remote host + Init instance configs - Generate config pd -> 10.0.0.251:2379 ... Done - Generate config tikv -> 10.0.0.251:20160 ... Done - Generate config tikv -> 10.0.0.251:20161 ... Done - Generate config tikv -> 10.0.0.251:20162 ... Done - Generate config tidb -> 10.0.0.251:4000 ... Done - Generate config tiflash -> 10.0.0.251:9000 ... Done - Generate config prometheus -> 10.0.0.251:9090 ... Done - Generate config grafana -> 10.0.0.251:3000 ... Done + Init monitor configs - Generate config node_exporter -> 10.0.0.251 ... Done - Generate config blackbox_exporter -> 10.0.0.251 ... Done + Check status Enabling component pd Enabling instance 10.0.0.251:2379 Enable instance 10.0.0.251:2379 success Enabling component tikv Enabling instance 10.0.0.251:20162 Enabling instance 10.0.0.251:20161 Enabling instance 10.0.0.251:20160 Enable instance 10.0.0.251:20160 success Enable instance 10.0.0.251:20161 success Enable instance 10.0.0.251:20162 success Enabling component tidb Enabling instance 10.0.0.251:4000 Enable instance 10.0.0.251:4000 success Enabling component tiflash Enabling instance 10.0.0.251:9000 Enable instance 10.0.0.251:9000 success Enabling component prometheus Enabling instance 10.0.0.251:9090 Enable instance 10.0.0.251:9090 success Enabling component grafana Enabling instance 10.0.0.251:3000 Enable instance 10.0.0.251:3000 success Enabling component node_exporter Enabling instance 10.0.0.251 Enable 10.0.0.251 success Enabling component blackbox_exporter Enabling instance 10.0.0.251 Enable 10.0.0.251 success Cluster `JiekeXu` deployed successfully, you can start it with command: `tiup cluster start JiekeXu --init`

9、使用 --init 启动 TiDB集群

tiup cluster start JiekeXu --init tiup is checking updates for component cluster ... Starting component `cluster`: /root/.tiup/components/cluster/v1.9.0/tiup-cluster /root/.tiup/components/cluster/v1.9.0/tiup-cluster start JiekeXu --init Starting cluster JiekeXu... + [ Serial ] - SSHKeySet: privateKey=/root/.tiup/storage/cluster/clusters/JiekeXu/ssh/id_rsa, publicKey=/root/.tiup/storage/cluster/clusters/JiekeXu/ssh/id_rsa.pub + [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=10.0.0.251 + [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=10.0.0.251 + [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=10.0.0.251 + [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=10.0.0.251 + [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=10.0.0.251 + [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=10.0.0.251 + [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=10.0.0.251 + [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=10.0.0.251 + [ Serial ] - StartCluster Starting component pd Starting instance 10.0.0.251:2379 Start instance 10.0.0.251:2379 success Starting component tikv Starting instance 10.0.0.251:20162 Starting instance 10.0.0.251:20160 Starting instance 10.0.0.251:20161 Start instance 10.0.0.251:20161 success Start instance 10.0.0.251:20162 success Start instance 10.0.0.251:20160 success Starting component tidb Starting instance 10.0.0.251:4000 Start instance 10.0.0.251:4000 success Starting component tiflash Starting instance 10.0.0.251:9000 Start instance 10.0.0.251:9000 success Starting component prometheus Starting instance 10.0.0.251:9090 Start instance 10.0.0.251:9090 success Starting component grafana Starting instance 10.0.0.251:3000 Start instance 10.0.0.251:3000 success Starting component node_exporter Starting instance 10.0.0.251 Start 10.0.0.251 success Starting component blackbox_exporter Starting instance 10.0.0.251 Start 10.0.0.251 success + [ Serial ] - UpdateTopology: cluster=JiekeXu Started cluster `JiekeXu` successfully The root password of TiDB database has been changed. The new password is: $Z2^_8D6q=1F5udVB9. Copy and record it to somewhere safe, it is only displayed once, and will not be stored. The generated password can NOT be get and shown again.

根据上图 PD、TiKV、TiDB、Tiflash 启动完成，集群启动完成，并初始化完成，显示出 root 用户的密码。

10、访问集群

使用 MySQL 客户端连接

安装 MySQL 客户端。如果已安装 MySQL 客户端或者服务端则可跳过这步。

yum -y install mysql

访问 TiDB 数据库，密码为上一步初始化的字符串’$Z2^_8D6q=1F5udVB9’.

mysql -h 10.0.0.251 -P 4000 -u root -p

初始化时的 root 密码随机的，不利于记忆，这里是学习环境，将其修改“root”,如下所示：

[tidb@node2 ~]$ mysql -h 10.0.0.251 -P 4000 -u root -p

执行以下命令确认当前已经部署的集群列表：

执行以下命令查看集群的拓扑结构和状态：

tiup cluster display JiekeXu

最后，由于 tidb 服务是 root 下载、管理的，在部署时创建了 tidb 用户，启动了相关服务，所以，这里我打算将下载的 tiup 软件复制到 tidb 用户家目录下，并配置相应的环境变量。

# cp -r .tiup/ /home/tidb/ # chown -R tidb:tidb /home/tidb/.tiup/

查看集群状态，关闭集群与启动集群

[tidb@node2 ~]$ tiup cluster display JiekeXu tiup is checking updates for component cluster ... Starting component `cluster`: /home/tidb/.tiup/components/cluster/v1.9.0/tiup-cluster /home/tidb/.tiup/components/cluster/v1.9.0/tiup-cluster display JiekeXu Cluster type: tidb Cluster name: JiekeXu Cluster version: v5.4.0 Deploy user: tidb SSH type: builtin Dashboard URL: http://10.0.0.251:2379/dashboard ID Role Host Ports OS/Arch Status Data Dir Deploy Dir -- ---- ---- ----- ------- ------ -------- ---------- 10.0.0.251:3000 grafana 10.0.0.251 3000 linux/x86_64 Up - /data/tidb-deploy/grafana-3000 10.0.0.251:2379 pd 10.0.0.251 2379/2380 linux/x86_64 Up|L|UI /data/tidb-data/pd-2379 /data/tidb-deploy/pd-2379 10.0.0.251:9090 prometheus 10.0.0.251 9090/12020 linux/x86_64 Up /data/tidb-data/prometheus-9090 /data/tidb-deploy/prometheus-9090 10.0.0.251:4000 tidb 10.0.0.251 4000/10080 linux/x86_64 Up - /data/tidb-deploy/tidb-4000 10.0.0.251:9000 tiflash 10.0.0.251 9000/8123/3930/20170/20292/8234 linux/x86_64 Up /data/tidb-data/tiflash-9000 /data/tidb-deploy/tiflash-9000 10.0.0.251:20160 tikv 10.0.0.251 20160/20180 linux/x86_64 Up /data/tidb-data/tikv-20160 /data/tidb-deploy/tikv-20160 10.0.0.251:20161 tikv 10.0.0.251 20161/20181 linux/x86_64 Up /data/tidb-data/tikv-20161 /data/tidb-deploy/tikv-20161 10.0.0.251:20162 tikv 10.0.0.251 20162/20182 linux/x86_64 Up /data/tidb-data/tikv-20162 /data/tidb-deploy/tikv-20162 Total nodes: 8 [tidb@node2 ~]$ tiup cluster stop JiekeXu tiup is checking updates for component cluster ... A new version of cluster is available: The latest version: v1.9.1 Local installed version: v1.9.0 Update current component: tiup update cluster Update all components: tiup update --all Starting component `cluster`: /home/tidb/.tiup/components/cluster/v1.9.0/tiup-cluster /iup/storage/cluster/clusters/JiekeXu/ssh/id_rsa, publicKey=/home/tidb/.tiup/storage/cluster/clusters/JiekeXu/ssh/id_rsa.pub + [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=10.0.0.251 + [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=10.0.0.251 + [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=10.0.0.251 + [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=10.0.0.251 + [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=10.0.0.251 + [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=10.0.0.251 + [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=10.0.0.251 + [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=10.0.0.251 + [ Serial ] - StopClu