黄东旭解析 TiDB 的核心优势
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2023-05-02
MySQL基于gtid特性与xtrabackup的数据恢复
一、gtid特性介绍:
GTID(global transaction identifier)是MySQL 5.6的新特性,可以唯一的标识一个事务,由UUID+TID组成:
UUID是MySQL实例的唯一标识TID是该实例上已提交的事务的数量
在主从复制中,GTID代替了classic的复制方法,不再使用binlog+pos开启复制,而是使用master_auto_postion = 1的方式自动匹配GTID断点进行复制。
要开启GTID,只需在MySQL参数文件中添加以下参数:
gtid-mode = ON enforce_gtid_consistency = 1
二、数据恢复需求:
需要将MySQL(以下简称A库)恢复到一天前的凌晨12:00左右的状态 需要具备的前提条件如下:
开启GTID有A库昨天凌晨12:00前的xtra备份文件开启binlog日志(废话)
三、恢复操作:
在另一台MySQL(B库)上进行数据的恢复,这样可以避免影响线上业务
1. 将B库data目录移走,拷贝A库备份文件到B库
mv data data_20160716 #移走B库data mv A_back_20160714 data #移入A库备份文件 chown -R mysql12300.mysql data/
2. 开启B库,配置主从
查看data目录下xtrabackup_binlog_info文件中记录的GTID:
[root@service-test1 data]$ cat xtrabackup_binlog_info mysql-bin.000012 46455554 8133046e-4282-11e6-848e-026ca51d284c:1-4920155
在B库(slave)设置@@global.gtid_purged跳过备份包含的GTID,并执行change master to指定A库为主库:
mysql> SET GLOBAL gtid_purged="8133046e-4282-11e6-848e-026ca51d284c:1-4920155"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> change master to Master_Host ='10.11.21.14',Master_Port=3306,Master_User='replica',Master_Password='XXXXXXXXX',MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
注意: xtrabackup_binlog_info中的GTID有时不止一个,设置@@global.gtid_purged时指定多个即可,以逗号隔开。
四、在A库binlog中找到恢复点并进行恢复
需要特别注意的是,在上述操作后,不要直接start slave,否则B库也又会跑到当前A库的状态
将A库binlog转换为sql语句:
mysqlbinlog -vv mysql-bin.000011 > mysql-bin.000011.sql
找到前一天凌晨12:00左右的位置并记录GTID:
在B库开启slave并指定恢复到的位置:
mysql> start slave until SQL_BEFORE_GTIDS='542ef021-9a64-11e5-bc49-025d3d22c211:1348360'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
当执行到了指定的GTID,SQL线程便会停止,但IO线程还会继续复制:
mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 10.30.21.11 Master_User: replica Master_Port: 7500 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000011 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 810203081 Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 5707357 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000011 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: No Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 561467475 Relay_Log_Space: 254443161 Until_Condition: SQL_BEFORE_GTIDS Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 21117500 Master_UUID: 63f38fe7-9e3b-11e5-9554-02eeb2c1042f Master_Info_File: /data1/mysql10070/data/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 542ef021-9a64-11e5-bc49-025d3d22c211:1341313-1368005 Executed_Gtid_Set: 44226252-9e38-11e5-9540-02212401d46f:1, 542ef021-9a64-11e5-bc49-025d3d22c211:1-1348359, 63f38fe7-9e3b-11e5-9554-02eeb2c1042f:1 Auto_Position: 1 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
好啦,想看昨天凌晨的哪些数据呀?都在B库里啦~~~
附:常见问题
在设置@@global.gtid_purged时,可能会遇到报错:
mysql> SET GLOBAL gtid_purged="8133046e-4282-11e6-848e-026ca51d284c:1-4920155"; ERROR 1840 (HY000): @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED can only be set when @@GLOBAL.GTID_EXECUTED is empty.
这是因为这台MySQL的@@GLOBAL.GTID_EXECUTED并不是空的,执行以下reset master操作就好了:
mysql> SET GLOBAL gtid_purged="8133046e-4282-11e6-848e-026ca51d284c:1-4920155"; ERROR 1840 (HY000): @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED can only be set when @@GLOBAL.GTID_EXECUTED is empty. mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------------------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------------------------------+ | mysql-bin.000002 | 191 | | | 3857c25c-2caa-11e6-b61b-021feddc3827:1-14 | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> reset master; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 151 | | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> SET GLOBAL gtid_purged="8133046e-4282-11e6-848e-026ca51d284c:1-4920155"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
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