黄东旭解析 TiDB 的核心优势
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2024-03-18
TiDB 是 PingCAP 公司自主设计、研发的开源分布式关系型数据库,是一款同时支持在线事务处理与在线分析处理 (Hybrid Transactional and Analytical Processing, HTAP) 的融合型分布式数据库产品,具备水平扩容或者缩容、金融级高可用、实时 HTAP、云原生的分布式数据库、兼容 MySQL 5.7 协议和 MySQL 生态等重要特性,支持在本地和云上部署。
TiDB 数据库本身由众多组件构成,而周边生态也欣欣向荣,所以源码仓库很多,本文主要涉及 PD 和 TiDB Dashboard 两个源码库,目标地址如下:
https://github.com/tikv/pd/
PD 是 Placement Driver 的缩写。它管理和调度TiKV集群。PD 被称之为 TiDB 集群的“大脑”。 PD 通过嵌入etcd来支持容错。部署时,建议启动 3 个 PD 进程来构成 PD 集群,保证高可用。
https://github.com/pingcap/tidb-dashboard/
TiDB Dashboard 是一个 Web UI,用于监视、诊断和管理 TiDB 集群。可单独编译前后台资源包,也可以打包成二进制文件,一键启动。 关于 TiDB Dashboard 的更多介绍,可以参考官方文档:TiDB Dashboard 介绍
本文的编译使用的系统为 CentOS 7。
[shawnyan@centos7 ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core) [shawnyan@centos7 ~]$ uname -a Linux centos7.shawnyan.com 3.10.0-1160.92.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jun 20 11:48:01 UTC 2023 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux [shawnyan@centos7 ~]$ go version go version go1.20.6 linux/amd64PD 编译依赖 go 1.20,所以需要先安装 golang。但是,CentOS 7 默认提供的是 golang 1.19。
[shawnyan@centos7 ~]$ yum info golang Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Installed Packages Name : golang Arch : x86_64 Version : 1.19.10 Release : 1.el7 Size : 7.4 M Repo : installed From repo : epel-7-aliyun Summary : The Go Programming Language URL : http://golang.org/ License : BSD and Public Domain Description : The Go Programming Language. [shawnyan@centos7 pd]$ go version go version go1.19.10 linux/amd64所以,需要手动下载二进制包并更新环境变量。
wget https://go.dev/dl/go1.20.6.linux-amd64.tar.gz tar zxvf go1.20.6.linux-amd64.tar.gz sudo mv go /opt vi ~/.bashrc export GOl11MODULE=on export GOROOT=/opt/go export GOPATH=/home/shawnyan export PATH=$GOPATH/bin:$GOROOT/bin:$PATHTiDB Dashboard 包含前端 UI,所以依赖会多一些,需要安装 npm、pnpm,如果未安装 pnpm 会遇到报错。
cd ui &&\ pnpm i /bin/sh: line 1: pnpm: command not found make: *** [ui_deps] Error 127这里,从 GitHub 下载 pnpm 二进制包。
wget https://github.com/pnpm/pnpm/releases/latest/download/pnpm-linuxstatic-x64 sudo mv pnpm-linuxstatic-x64 /bin/pnpm sudo chmod +x /bin/pnpm pnpm --version 8.6.11PD 编译时会直接引用 TiDB Dashboard,PD 编译日志截取如下。
+ Fetch TiDB Dashboard Go module - TiDB Dashboard directory: /home/shawnyan/pkg/mod/github.com/pingcap/tidb-dashboard@v0.0.0-20230705095454-5e220f970f27 + Create download cache directory: /home/shawnyan/pd/.dashboard_download_cache + Discover TiDB Dashboard release version - TiDB Dashboard release version: 2023.07.05.1 + Check whether pre-built assets are available - Cached archive does not exist - Download pre-built embedded assets from GitHub release - Download https://github.com/pingcap/tidb-dashboard/releases/download/v2023.07.05.1/embedded-assets-golang.zip % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0 100 14.7M 100 14.7M 0 0 4029k 0 0:00:03 0:00:03 --:--:-- 7105k - Save archive to cache: /home/shawnyan/pd/.dashboard_download_cache/embedded-assets-golang-2023.07.05.1.zip + Unpack embedded asset from archive Archive: /home/shawnyan/pd/.dashboard_download_cache/embedded-assets-golang-2023.07.05.1.zip所以想修改 TiDB Dashboard 的 UI 见面并打包到 PD 中,则需先完成 TiDB Dashboard 的编译。 当然也可以跳过 TiDB Dashboard 的编译,在 PD 编译过程中会自动下载打包好的 Dashboard。 甚至,可以在 PD 编译过程中,使用参数without_dashboard 来跳过 Dashboard。
PD 编译过程其实蛮顺畅。
git clone https://github.com/shawn0915/pd --depth=1 cd pd make稍等一会就可以看到二进制文件了。
[shawnyan@centos7 bin]$ ls pd-ctl pd-recover pd-server [shawnyan@centos7 bin]$ ./pd-server --version Release Version: fe52361 Edition: Community Git Commit Hash: fe52361cf48a7f5ed8c69bcd02db77e25162f207 Git Branch: master UTC Build Time: 2023-07-31 05:49:54下载 TiDB Dashboard 源码,这里为了节省时间、空间,只克隆一份最新版本的源码:
git clone https://github.com/shawn0915/tidb-dashboard --depth=1进入源码文件夹,并执行编译命令 make package,然后进入漫长的等待。。。
[shawnyan@centos7 tidb-dashboard-master]$ make package scripts/install_go_tools.sh + Install go tools go install github.+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Progress: resolved 2408, reused 2387, downloaded 0, added 0 Progress: resolved 2408, reused 2387, downloaded 0, added 0, done node_modules/.pnpm/esbuild@0.14.49/node_modules/esbuild: Running postinstall script, done in 791ms node_modules/.pnpm/cypress@8.5.0/node_modules/cypress: Running postinstall script, done in 1m 42.9s node_modules/.pnpm/es5-ext@0.10.61/node_modules/es5-ext: Running postinstall script, done in 367ms utions" at the root of the workspace instead. Scope: 7 of 8 workspace projects packages/clinic-client build$ gulp build [28 lines collapsed] │ [main] INFO o.o.codegen.TemplateManager - writing file /home/shawnyan/tidb-dashboard-master/ui/packages/clinic-client/src/client/api/.openapi-generator/FILES │ ################################################################################ │ # Thanks for using OpenAPI Generator. # │ # Please consider donation to help us maintain this project │ [17:37:14] Finished tsc:build after 14 s │ [17:37:14] Finished build after 45 min └─ Done in 45m 36.6s ...Finally, TiDB Dashboard 编译完成。这里演示的是直接将 TiDB Dashboard 直接编译为二进制文件,所以编译完成后,可以在 bin 目录下看到 tidb-dashboard 二进制包。
[shawnyan@centos7 bin]$ ./tidb-dashboard --help Usage of ./tidb-dashboard: --cluster-allowed-names string comma-delimited list of acceptable peer certificate SAN identities --cluster-ca string (TLS between components of the TiDB cluster) path of file that contains list of trusted SSL CAs --cluster-cert string (TLS between components of the TiDB cluster) path of file that contains X509 certificate in PEM format --cluster-key string (TLS between components of the TiDB cluster) path of file that contains X509 key in PEM format --data-dir string path to the Dashboard Server data directory (default "/tmp/dashboard-data") -d, --debug enable debug logs --experimental allow experimental features --feature-version string target TiDB version for standalone mode (default "N/A") -h, --host string listen host of the Dashboard Server (default "127.0.0.1") --path-prefix string public URL path prefix for reverse proxies (default "/dashboard") --pd string PD endpoint address that Dashboard Server connects to (default "http://127.0.0.1:2379") -p, --port int listen port of the Dashboard Server (default 12333) --telemetry allow telemetry --temp-dir string path to the Dashboard Server temporary directory, used to store the searched logs --tidb-allowed-names string comma-delimited list of acceptable peer certificate SAN identities --tidb-ca string (TLS for MySQL client) path of file that contains list of trusted SSL CAs --tidb-cert string (TLS for MySQL client) path of file that contains X509 certificate in PEM format --tidb-key string (TLS for MySQL client) path of file that contains X509 key in PEM format -v, --version print version information and exit pflag: help requested此时,可以单独启动面板,只需将其注册到 PD。
./bin/tidb-dashboard --pd x.x.x.x新启动的面板默认端口为 12333,可以通过 URL http://127.0.0.1:12333/dashboard/ 来访问刚刚编译好的面板。
为了验证编译效果,本例中对 TiDB Dashboard 做了小小改动,版本号增加了 -ShawnYan 后缀,在【概况】、【监控指标】页面有文档链接,实际产品中指向了 stable 版本,这里修改为 v7.2。
修改的代码位置为: https://github.com/pingcap/tidb-dashboard/blob/master/ui/packages/tidb-dashboard-for-op/src/apps/Overview/context.ts#L60https://github.com/pingcap/tidb-dashboard/blob/master/ui/packages/tidb-dashboard-for-op/src/apps/Monitoring/context.ts#L36
修改完成后,再次打包。待打包完成后启动 TiDB Dashboard。可以看到如下效果:
在 CentOS 7 下就可以进行编译,并不需要高版本的 gcc,体验就很棒,但是还是对机器的性能是有要求的,“老破小”机器上编译就很痛苦。 在写本文过程中,发现 TiDB Dashboard 和 PD 的版本未对齐,于是在 AskTUG 上开了一个帖子 (1010558),从帖子提出到问题有人对应,产研在源码仓库提出 Issue#1566 仅过去了不到一小时,对应速度可谓飞快。 Surprise! 另发现一处文档选择 dev 版本的小问题,也提了帖子记录一下。(1010580) anyway, TiDB 组件很多,而编译工作是定制化二次开发的一个必要条件,要想一个一个编译过来还需要花点时间和精力。
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